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Below is the 2024 WASSCE summary passage:

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Question 4: Summary Writing
It is very disturbing that the twenty-first century is plagued by many calamities. Wars and other forms of violence like terrorism and kidnapping have become recurring problems that many countries have to contend with. This is because people are not willing to tolerate one another’s differences. For instance, different ethnic groups take up arms against one another. Also, political differences and religious diversities have become major dividing factors and frequently addressed through physical aggression.
Another problem is the increase in diseases. Now, more than before, many bacteria and viruses are being genetically created in medical laboratories. Sometimes, human beings are accidentally infected with these laboratory-invented microorganisms; at other times, infection is deliberate for research purposes but could be accidentally transmitted to other people. Many of these genetically created bacteria and viruses subsequently develop drug-resistant strains. This, however, is not to suggest that medical science has failed humankind.
Apart from diseases, people in many parts of the world contend with disasters such as earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, droughts, volcanic eruptions, and hurricanes. All of these have devastating effects on human beings and the environment. A lot of people usually die and many plants are destroyed. Although many consider these disasters acts of God, they are actually mostly triggered by human activities.
Despite the enormity of the problems, a lot is being done to eradicate, or at least, control their impact on humans and the environment. People of diverse ethnic, political, and religious backgrounds meet from time to time to find amicable resolutions to their differences before they escalate into violence. Often on the news, we hear of peace talks, seminars, summits, and conferences convened by international bodies such as the United Nations, the African Union, and the European Union to resolve conflicts of various natures.
Also, the human activities that have resulted in global warming and environmental degradation are being checked through regulations and policies by the relevant authorities. Such policies include planting of trees, cutting down on the emission of greenhouse gases, discouraging indiscriminate felling of trees, and recycling of non-biodegradable materials. While the world may be completely rid of diseases and illness, researchers are working hard to produce drugs that will cure these diseases. Research on HIV/AIDS and the Ebola virus, for example, have received much funding in recent times. As a result, HIV can now be controlled and prevented from turning into full-blown AIDS. The Ebola disease can now be treated, and cures for other chronic diseases are on the verge of discovery. Indeed, people want to live happy lives. If all these interventions work out as hoped, the world would certainly become a better place to live in.
Summary Question:
(a) In three sentences, one for each, identify the causes of the problems of the twenty-first century.
(b) In three sentences, one for each, state the steps that are being taken to control the problems of the twenty-first century.

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